| Shoulder Injury Type |
Prevalence |
Incidence |
Common Age Group |
Common Causes |
| Rotator Cuff Tear |
High in older adults |
~20% in adults over 60 |
40+ years |
Overuse, age-related degeneration, trauma, heavy lifting |
| Shoulder Impingement Syndrome |
Common in athletes and older adults |
~44.7 per 100,000 person-years |
30–60 years |
Repetitive overhead activity, poor posture, muscle imbalance |
| Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) |
~2-5% in general population |
~0.75 per 1,000 person-years |
40–60 years, more in women |
Diabetes, thyroid disorders, prolonged immobilization |
| Shoulder Dislocation |
High in young active males |
~23.9 per 100,000 person-years |
16–30 years |
Trauma (sports injuries, falls), congenital laxity |
| Hill-Sachs lesion |
Seen in 40–90% of anterior shoulder dislocations; higher with recurrent dislocations. |
~1.6% per year in the general population with shoulder dislocations. |
18–30 years (young adults, especially active males) |
A compression fracture of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head, typically occurring during anterior shoulder dislocation. |
| Labral Tear (SLAP Tear) |
Moderate in overhead athletes |
Exact incidence unknown; increasing trend |
20–40 years |
Repetitive overhead activities, falls, sudden pulling force |
| Bankert lesion |
Seen in 85–90% of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. |
Approx. 1.7% per year in the general population with shoulder dislocations. |
20–30 years (young active individuals, especially athletes) |
A detachment or injury of the anteroinferior labrum of the glenoid, commonly associated with anterior shoulder dislocation. |
| Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Injury |
Common in contact sports |
~9 per 100,000 annually |
20–40 years (athletes) |
Direct blow to the shoulder (e.g., during football, cycling accidents) |
| Shoulder Bursitis |
Common in workers with overhead use |
~1% of general population |
30–50 years |
Repetitive motion, overuse, infection, inflammatory diseases (e.g., RA) |
| Fracture (Clavicle, Humerus, Scapula) |
Less common overall |
~2–6% of all fractures involve shoulder |
Children, elderly (osteoporotic) |
Falls, direct trauma, vehicular accidents |
| Bicipital tendinitis |
Common in 5–10% of patients with shoulder pain; often underdiagnosed. |
Estimated at 1.2–2.0 cases per 1,000 people/year, especially among active individuals. |
30–50 years, especially those involved in repetitive overhead activities. |
Repetitive overhead motion (e.g., swimming, tennis, throwing), overuse, or shoulder instability. |
| Tendinopathy |
Accounts for 30–50% of all sports-related injuries. |
Varies by tendon and activity; for example, Achilles tendinopathy incidence is ~2.35 per 1,000 in runners. |
30–60 years, with increased risk in middle-aged recreational athletes. |
Repetitive strain or overuse (sports, occupation), poor biomechanics, or sudden increase in activity level. |
