A Complete Guide to Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk
In India and globally, the incidence of breast cancer and ovarian cancer is steadily rising, especially among women in their 30s and 40s. While lifestyle and environmental triggers are contributing factors, genetic predisposition plays a significant role in determining an individual’s cancer risk.
This is where BRCA testing comes into the picture. It is a highly effective genetic screening test that helps detect an inherited risk for breast and ovarian cancers, often years before symptoms show up.
In this guide, we explain what BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing is, how it works, who should get tested, and how it can help individuals and families make informed, preventive healthcare decisions.
What is BRCA Testing?
BRCA testing is a genetic test that detects mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These genes help repair DNA damage and suppress tumor growth. However, mutations in these genes significantly increase the risk of developing breast, ovarian, and other types of cancer.
BRCA1 mutation
BRCA2 mutation
Cancers Linked to BRCA Mutations
A positive BRCA mutation result means a significantly increased risk for several types of cancer:
| Cancer Type | General Population Risk | BRCA Mutation Carrier Risk |
|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer (Women) | ~12% | Up to 72% (by age 80) |
| Ovarian Cancer | ~1.3% | Up to 44% |
| Breast Cancer (Men) | Rare | Higher risk (BRCA2) |
| Prostate Cancer | Common | Elevated risk (BRCA2) |
| Pancreatic Cancer | Low | Increased risk |
Who Should Consider BRCA Testing?
You may be advised to undergo BRCA genetic testing if:
- You have a personal or family history of breast, ovarian, pancreatic, or prostate cancer
- You or a close relative was diagnosed with breast cancer before age 45
- You have a male family member with breast cancer
- You belong to a high-risk ethnic group (e.g., Ashkenazi Jewish descent)
- A family member has tested positive for a BRCA mutation
How is BRCA Testing Done?
You may be advised to undergo BRCA genetic testing if:
- Sample required: Blood or saliva
- Report turnaround time: 2–3 weeks
- No fasting required
- Pre- and post-test genetic counseling is highly recommended
At NM Medical, BRCA testing is carried out at NABL-accredited labs, ensuring internationally validated accuracy and reliability.
What Does a Positive BRCA Result Mean?
A positive BRCA result means a higher lifetime risk of developing certain cancers, but it does not mean you have cancer right now. With this knowledge, proactive healthcare steps can be taken.
Depending on your result, your doctor or genetic counselor may suggest:
- Enhanced cancer screenings such as early and more frequent mammograms or MRIs
- Preventive medications to lower risk
- Preventive surgery (e.g., mastectomy or oophorectomy) in high-risk cases
- Cascade testing: Family members can also be tested for the same mutation
What If the BRCA Test is Negative?
A negative result usually means you do not carry the specific BRCA1/2 mutations tested. However, in some cases:
- There could still be a hereditary cancer risk via other genetic mutations
- Additional genetic tests may be advised, such as multi-gene panels
- Clinical history will still be considered for future screening and care
Cost of BRCA Testing in India
BRCA1 & BRCA2 testing only
₹12,000 – ₹25,000
Comprehensive cancer risk panels
₹25,000 – ₹40,000 or more
Genetic counseling may be included in the package or offered separately
Why BRCA Testing is Important
Knowing your BRCA status empowers you with information that could potentially prevent cancer or catch it at an early, more treatable stage. Benefits of BRCA testing include:
- Personalized screening and prevention strategies
- Better treatment decisions if already diagnosed
- Informed choices for reproductive planning and family health
- Opportunity for relatives to be tested and protected
Book Your BRCA Test at NM Medical
If you or a loved one may be at risk for hereditary cancers, now is the time to act.
- Accurate BRCA testing with reliable labs
- Available in Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore, and Nashik
- End-to-end support with expert genetic counseling
